深圳蛇口口岸船舶饮用水卫生状况及影响因素分析

    冯硕1，2，应长青1，卢婷婷1，杨碧芳2

　　1.哈尔滨医科大学公共卫生学院，黑龙江 哈尔滨，150081；2.深圳出入境检验检疫局

　　摘要：目的 掌握深圳蛇口港区远洋船舶的饮用水卫生状况及研究影响饮用水卫生安全的因素，以便保障船员饮水安全，预防疾病的传播。方法 以2012年5月至2013年9月深圳蛇口港区远洋的船舶为研究对象，对248艘次的船舶饮用水样本进行分析。检测方法参照GB/T5750-2006《生活饮用水卫生标准检测方法》。统计分析采用软件SAS 8.0进行。结果 菌落总数的合格率为85.5%，大肠菌群的合格率为83.9%，耐热大肠杆菌的合格率为93.1%；随着船舶使用年限的增加，饮用水微生物指标合格率呈下降趋势，不同年限船舶合格率差异有统计学意义（P＜ 0.05）；不同换水频率船舶饮用水微生物指标合格率差异有统计学意义（P ＜0.05）；不同地域船舶饮用水微生物指标合格率差异无统计学意义（P ＞ 0.05）。结论 深圳蛇口港区船舶饮用水卫生状况尚存在安全隐患，建议定期对船舶饮用水进行更换，特别是船龄长的船舶更应加强监督管理，希望引起有关部门重视。

　　关键词：船舶饮用水；饮用水水质检测；菌落总数；大肠菌群

　　中图分类号：R  文献标识码：B

　　Analysis of drinking water health situation of ships

　　at Shenzhen Shekou port

　　FENG Shuo*， YING Chang-qing， LU Ting-ting， YANG Bi-fang

　　*School of Public Health， Harbin Medical University， Harbin，Heilongjiang 150081， China

　　Abstract：  Objective  To master the drinking watersituation at Shekou Port of ocean-going vessels and researchfactors that affect health and safety of drinking water in order toprotect the crew safe drinking water to prevent the spread ofdiseases.  Methods  From May 2012 to September 2013，Shenzhen Shekou Port offshore vessels for the study， a total of 248ships and ship samples of drinking water were analyzed. The GB/T5750 Drinking Water Standard Sanitary was adopted. SAS 8.0 softwarewas used.  Results  The pass rate on the total number ofcolonies， coliform bacteria， E.coli heat were 85.5%， 83.9%， 93.1%，respectively. With the increase of the useful life of the ship,drinking water microbiological indicators pass rate decreased. Thepass rate was statistically significant difference in age of theslip（P < 0.05）. The pass rate of microbial was statisticallysignificant in dicators the frequency of in drinking waterchanges（P < 0.05）. The pass rate of microbial indicators was notstatistically significance in drinking of different geographicalship（P > 0.05).  Conclusion  There were security risksin the sanitation situation of drinking water at Shenzhen Shekouport. It is necessary to replace drinking vessels regularly， and tostrengthen supervision and management for ship’s age-longships.

　　Key words：  Ship drinking water； Drinking water qualitytesting； Total number of colonies； Coliform

　　《中国国境卫生检疫杂志》2014年4期