宁波口岸出境留学生现状及健康风险分析

李红1，裘炯良2，孙大为1，卢岳云2

　　1.宁波国际旅行卫生保健中心，浙江 宁波 315012；2.宁波出入境检验检疫局

　　摘要：目的 了解宁波口岸出境留学生现状，分析学生出境留学期间的健康风险因素，提出留学生卫生保健建议。方法统计分析2006-2012年期间宁波口岸出境留学生体检人数及其变化趋势、留学目的国及留学生年龄构成比等特点，并对学生出境留学期间可能遇到的各种健康风险因素进行探讨。结果2006-2012年，宁波口岸出境留学生体检人数以年均超20%的速度快速增长，留学目的国以美、英两国为主，留学生年龄分布以大学生和研究生为主，高中生和初中生日益增多。危害出境留学生卫生健康风险因素主要包括环境变化引起的不适、交通意外事故和暴力事件等涉及人身安全的隐患、心理健康问题、基础性疾病复发、感染传染病等。结论在出国留学人数逐年增长和留学生年龄低龄化日趋明显的今天，有必要加强对这一人群的关注，专题研究留学生旅行卫生保健需求，检验检疫机构应有针对性的为留学生提供更好的旅行卫生保健服务。

　　关键词：出境，留学生，健康风险，卫生保健

　　中图分类号：R181.3+7　文献标识码：B

　　Risk analysis on health and current situation of

　　students studying abroad at Ningbo port

　　LI Hong*， QIU Jiong-liang， SUN Da-wei， LU Yue-yun

　　*Ningbo International Travel Healthcare Center， Ningbo， Zhejiang315012，China

　　Abstract:   Objective   To investigate the currentsituation of students studying abroad at Ningbo port and analyzerisk factors on health, then to provide health care suggestions． Methods   The numbers and the characteristic oftendency, destination and age structure of students studying abroadfrom 2006 to 2012 were analyzed．Meanwhile, the potential healthrisk factors for students abroad were explored．  Results  The increasing rate of exit students number was over 20% byyear．America and British were the chief selections as thedestination．Most students were undergraduates and postgraduates,and the number of senior and junior middle school students wasincreased．Health risk factors included ailment with environmentalchange, traffic accident, violence incident, mental health, latentdisease and infectious diseases． Conclusion   As the number ofexit students increased rapidly and the age of exit students becameyounger, it is necessary to pay more attention to the exit studentsand to make special study on student’s requirement of healthcare.The institution of inspection and quarantine ought to proposemore specific international travel healthcare services for studentsaccordingly．

　　Key words:   Exit; Student abroad; Health risk;Healthcare

　　《中国国境卫生检疫杂志》2014年2月刊