人感染H7N9禽流感病毒流行特征分析

李宗1，张勇1，李熠2，陆正清1

　　1.无锡出入境检验检疫局，江苏 无锡 214101；2.昆山出入境检验检疫局

　　摘要：目的 分析人感染H7N9禽流感病毒患者的发病、诊治和流行情况，自然因素与社会因素对流行3个环节的影响，提出疫情控制措施。方法描述流行病学和分析流行病学方法，收集人感染H7N9禽流感患者三间分布情况及组合等资料，分析流行特点、影响因素和控制措施。结果共收集确诊人感染H7N9禽流感134例病例，死亡43例，分布11个省市，沪皖苏为多，占发病数的79.1%；4月发病108例，占80.6%，3、4月发病占96.3%；收集到年龄、性别、接触史等资料的病例为128例，平均年龄为56.8岁，51岁以上达91例，占71.1%，＞60岁65例，占50.8%；男性发病是女性的2.2倍；入院重症病例占患者的75.6%；收集到86例病例职业信息，农民和退休人员占统计数的61.6%；收集到1737名密切接触者均无发病；气温升高，湿度降低、雨水减少、停止活禽交易等措施，能有效控制疫情。结论人感染H7N9禽流感又是一起新出现的传染病（emerging infectiois diseases;EID）EID的典型案例，传染和流行特征未明，要加强疫情监测，研究自然因素与社会因素的作用，提出防控措施。

　　关键词：感染；H7N9禽流感；流行病学；社会和自然因素

　　中图分类号：R511.7　文献标识码：B

　　Analysis of epidemioiogical characteristics on humaninfection

　　with avian influenza H7N9 virus cases

　　LI Zong, ZHANG Yong, Li Yi, LU Zheng-qing

　　Wuxi Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Wuxi, Jangsu214101, China

　　Abstract:   Objective   To analyze the incidence,treatment and epidemic condition of the patients infected with theavian influenza H7N9 virus and the impact of natural and socialfactors on the three epidemic aspects, and to put forward epidemiccontrol measures.   Methods   The space-time-populationdistribution and the composition of such information of patientsinfected with the avian influenza H7N9 virus were collected.Descriptive epidemiological and analytical epidemiological methodswere used to analyze epidemic features, influencing factors andcontrol measures.  Results   A total of 134 confirmedcases infected with the avian influenza H7N9 virus were collected,including 43 death cases. The cases distributed in eleven provincesand cities, and most of the cases were from Shanghai, Anhui andJiangsu province,  accounting for 79.1% of the incidence.Among them, the mean age of 128 cases was 56.8 years.The number ofthe cases over 51 years old was 91 cases and over 60 years old was65 cases, accounting for 71.1% and 50.8%, respectively. The numberof the male patients was 2.2 times of the female. Farmers andretirees accounted for 61.6% of all patients. 108 cases wereinfected in April, accounting for 80.6%, accounting for 96.3% inmarch and April. The severe cases of hospitalized patientsaccounted for 75.6%. The close contacts with the patients collectedhad no incidence. Increasing temperature, decreasing humidity,reduction of rain and the suspension of live poultry trade couldhelp to control the epidemic.  Conclusion   As anothertypical of EID, the infection and epidemiological characteristicsof human infection with the avian influenza H7N9 virus remainsunspecified. The relevant surveillance measures are needed to bestrengthened , the epidemic control measures, which based on thestudy of the roles playing by the natural and social factors in theprevention, are also needed to be put forward.

　　Key words:   Infection; Avian influenza H7N9 virus;Epidemiology; Social and natural factors

　　《中国国境卫生检疫杂志》2014年2月刊