风险分析在卫生检疫工作中的实际应用

于畅1，黄琳2，王晓中3，宋锋林1

　　1.辽宁国际旅行卫生保健中心，辽宁 大连 116001；2.大连市友谊医院；

　　3. 辽宁出入境检验检疫局

　　摘要：在日益严峻的国际卫生安全形势下，为了有效保卫国门卫生安全，应逐步重视风险分析在卫生检疫工作中的实际应用。卫生检疫风险分析首先要确定风险因子，在收集资料后，以Delphi等方法建立评价指标体系，通过进化神经网络等模型量化风险因子，以AHP等方法确定权重，采用地理信息系统（GIS）等技术进行风险评估。对口岸入境大型船舶等交通工具、出入境特殊物品监管等工作的风险分析，提高了查验的针对性；对疟疾等传染病、甲型H1N1流感等国际关注的公共突发卫生事件、口岸截获媒介生物等的风险分析，有效降低了公共卫生风险。卫生检疫部门按照风险评估结果进行风险管理并持续改进风险评估方法，结合风险评价和风险交流，有效保证了卫生检疫工作质量的持续提升。

　　关键词：风险分析；卫生检疫；应用

　　中图分类号：R185.3　文献标识码：B

　　Practical application of risk analysis in health andquarantine

　　YU Chang, HUANG Lin, WANG Xiao-zhong, SONG Feng-lin

　　Liaoning International Travel Health Care Center, Dalian,Liaoning 116001, China

　　Abstract:   The practical application of risk analysis insanitary and quarantine work should be put more attention under theincreasingly severe international health security situation inorder to defend the port health and safety effectively. Quarantinerisk analysis must first determine the risk factors, aftercollecting and analyzing information, and then Delphi and othermethods are applied to establish evaluation index system, suchtechniques as evolutionary neural network model are taken toquantify risk factors, and whereafter by the use of  AHP orother methods the weights could be determined and risk assessmentcould be done by using geographic information systems (GIS) orother technologies. The pertinence of the inspection could beimproved by the risk analysis of the ships such as large vehiclesat port of entry and of the entry-exit special items supervisionwork. The public health risks could be reduced by the risk analysisof infectious diseases such as malaria, of international concernedpublic health emergencies such as influenza A(H1N1), and ofcaptured vectors at port. On the basis of the results of the riskassessment, risk management and continuous improvement of riskassessment methods could be done by health and quarantinedepartments, and accordingly the continuous improvement of healthand quarantine work quality could be guaranteed when combined withrisk assessment and risk communication.

　　Key words:   Risk analysis; Health and quarantine;Application

　　《中国国境卫生检疫杂志》2014年2月刊