福州口岸及出入境船舶鼠形动物及携带病原的研究

    周天喜1，吴青1，李小宁1，李平航1，郑峰1，黄起翡1，高博2，张建庆2，张建明2

    1.福州出入境检验检疫局卫检处福建福州 350001；2.福建国际旅行卫生保健中心

   摘要：目的掌握福州口岸鼠形动物的种群分布及季节消长变化，以及入出境船舶截获鼠形动物携带病原微生物的差别，对相关疾病的流行风险进行评估。方法在2011年1月到2012年12月之间，实施口岸鼠形动物调查及船舶鼠形动物笼日法监测，并对截获的鼠形动物携带鼠疫菌采用国标法检测抗原、抗体，用RT-PCR方法检测肾综合征出血热病毒（HFRS）RNA，用PCR方法检测钩端螺旋体DNA。结果口岸共捕获鼠形动物373只，年平均密度0.0326只/笼•d，经鉴定隶属2目2科3属5种，褐家鼠为优势种群。7—11月份鼠密度较高，其中9月份达到高峰，12月份最低，鼠形动物活动为单峰型。鼠疫菌抗原、抗体均为阴性，肾综合征出血热RNA阳性55份，阳性率15.90%，钩端螺旋体DNA阳性14份，阳性率3.70%。结论福州口岸鼠体肾综合征出血热、钩端螺旋体阳性率高，有传播相关传染病的风险，有必要对口岸采取灭鼠措施，并对鼠间、人间相应传染病感染情况实施监测。

    关键词：鼠形动物；鼠疫；肾综合征出血热；钩端螺旋体

    中图分类号：R184.35　文献标识码：B

    Study on pathogens and rodents on entry-exit shipsand Mawei seaport

    ZHOU Tian-xi*, WU Qing, LI Xiao-ning, LI Ping-hang,ZHENG Feng,

    HUANG Qi-fei, GAO Bo, ZHANG Jian-qin, ZHANGJian-ming

    *Fuzhou Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau,FuZhou, Fujian 350001,China

    Abstract:   Objective   To characterize thepopulation distribution and seasonal fluctuation of rodents atFuzhou port and the pathogens carried by rodents which captured inentry-exit ships，and to evaluate the risks of the relevantdiseases.  Methods   The species of rodents wereinvestigated at ports and ships from Jan, 2011 to Dec, 2012, andthe pathogens carried by the captured rodents related to plague,hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and Leptospirosis weredetected.   Results   A total of 373 rodents werecaptured, classified as 2 orders 2 families 3 genus 5 species. Theannual average density was 0.0326/cager day, Rattusnorvegicus wasthe dominant species. The density of rodents was higher from Julyto December and reached the peak in September, but the number of rodents was the least at the end of December. The activitiesof rodents were unimodal. Meanwhile,the antigen and antibodyrelated to plague were negative. Numbers of positive samples forhemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and Leptospirosis were 55 and14, with the positive rate of 15.90% and 3.70%, respectively.  Conclusion    The potential risk of transmittingthe relevant infectious diseases due to the high positive rate ofhemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and Leptospirosis amongrodents existed at Fuzhou ports. It is necessary to take suitablemeasures to eliminate mice and carry out the surveillance on theinfectious diseases between mice-to-mice andperson-to-person.

    Key words:   Rodents; Plaque; Hemorrhagic Feverwith Renal Syndrome; Leptospirosis

    《中国国境卫生检疫杂志》2013年10月刊