卫生杀虫剂常用剂型对手动式喷雾器雾化性能的影响

　　史慧勤1，李彦1，杨振洲1，韩华1，黄清臻1，李金有2，郭天宇2，王林2

　　1. 解放军疾病预防控制所，北京 100071；2.中国检验检疫科学研究院

　　摘要：目的 通过对不同喷雾液剂型对手动式喷雾器的雾化效果的比较，为卫生喷雾器性能评价和卫生杀虫剂剂型的科学选择提供参考。方法应用手压式喷雾器锥形喷头分别雾化乳油、可湿性粉剂、悬浮剂微胶囊悬浮剂和纯水，观察和比较各剂型雾滴的粒谱分布、雾形分散等性能参数。结果与水剂雾化效果相比，除悬浮剂雾形分散角减小外，其余3种雾形分散度略有增大；结合雾粒分散均匀性观察，各剂型雾化效果表现为：乳油>微胶囊悬浮剂>水剂>可湿性粉剂>悬浮剂；各剂型雾粒比水剂型雾粒细，雾粒体积中径（VMD）均小于100μm，大小依次为乳油<微胶囊悬浮剂<可湿性粉剂<悬浮剂；雾粒尺寸分布跨度均大于水剂，依次为微胶囊悬浮剂>乳油>可湿性粉剂>悬浮剂。结论喷雾液的剂型是决定手压式喷雾器雾化效能的一个重要因素。其中均质性溶液的雾化效果好于非均质型，但雾粒小产生飘移的风险相对较高。卫生处理时应针对环境和防控对象合理选择喷雾剂型。

　　关键词：喷雾器；喷雾性能；杀虫剂；剂型

　　中图分类号：R129　文献标识码：B

　　The effect of commonly formulations of hygienic insecticide onthe

　　atomization performance of the manual type pressure spray

　　SHI Hui-qin*, LI Yan, YANG Zhen-zhou, HAN Hua, HUANG Qing-zhenLI Jin-you, GUO Tian-yu, WANG Lin

　　*Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy ofMilitary Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China

　　Abstract:   Objective   To provide thereferences on the sprayer performance evaluation and hygienicinsecticide formulations scientific choice by comparing theatomization effect of different spray liquid formulations form themanual type pressure sprayer.   Methods   Wateremulsion, wettable powder, suspension agent, microcapsulesuspending agent and pure water were atomized by using manual typepressure sprayer with a conical nozzle nozzle. And then performanceparameters such as the spray disperse degree, the droplets sizedistribution, the volume distribution and spray drift were observedand analyzed.   Results   Compared with wateratomization effect, except for the spray shape spread angle ofsuspending agent decreased, the other three kinds of spraydispersion form were slightly increased. The performance of sprayparticles disperse uniformity was: missible oil > microcapsulesuspending agent > water > wettable powder > suspendingagent; the spray particles of four formulations were smaller thanthat of pure water; the volume intermediate diameter （VMD）of sprayparticles was: missible oil < microcapsule suspending agent <wettable powder < span suspending agent. The distribution spanof spray particles size of four formulations were greater than thatof pure water followed by microcapsule suspending agent >missible oil > wettable powder > suspending agent.Conclusion   The spray liquid formulation is an importantfactor that influence on the atomizing efficiency of manual typepressure sprayer. The liquid atomization effect of the homogeneityatomizing liquid is better than that of the heterogeneity liquid,but the relatively higher spray drift risk of the former. Thus,reasonable selection of pesticide formulations should be focused ondirecting at health environment and control objects.

　　Key words:   Sprayer; Spray performance; Pesticides;Formulation

　　《中国国境卫生检疫杂志》2013年8月刊