云南边境缅甸籍吸毒人员HIV感染情况及其影响因素分析

　　朵林1,2，林赟3，杨丽华2，李双花4，闫萍5，刘济3，薛皓铭2

　　1.云南省第二人民医院，云南 昆明 650021；2.云南省艾滋病亚洲区域项目办公室；

　　3.昆明医科大学公共卫生学院；4.瑞丽市防艾局；5.陇川县防艾局

　　摘要：目的了解缅甸籍吸毒人员HIV感染情况及其影响因素，为下一步制定干预计划提供科学依据。方法　选择云南陇川、盈江2个边境县缅甸籍吸毒人员为调查对象，采用项目设计并经预实验修正后的问卷，进行现场流行病学调查，内容包括人口学特征、艾滋病知识、高危性行为、吸毒行为等高危影响因素，HIV阳性相关影响因素进行多重线性回归分析。结果　共调查251名缅甸籍静脉吸毒人员，HIV抗体阳性检出率为31.08%。调查人员中，96.81%为男性，未婚占48.20%，79.28%为初中以下学历。上个月注射时与他人共用过注射液或容器占14.70%；上个月与别人共用过针具的占12.75%；最近一次性行为没有使用安全套的占59.76%；最近一次付费性交易中没有使用安全套的占31.87%；共用过针具、没有使用安全套及没有做过HIV检测者HIV感染率高。结论　缅甸吸毒人员艾滋病知识知晓率较高，但共用吸毒针具及高危性行为普遍。将针具交换、安全套发放、美沙酮服务及咨询检测等措施综合应用，才能遏制边境地区缅甸籍吸毒人员艾滋病的传播与蔓延。

　　关键词：缅甸；吸毒人员；HIV；高危行为；影响因素

　　中图分类号：R512.5　文献标识码：B

　　Analysis on HIV infection situation and factors of Myanmar

　　drug users at border cities of Yunnan

　　DUO Lin*, LIN Yun , YANG Li-hua, LI Shuang-hua, YAN Ping, LIUJi, XUE Hao-ming

　　*The Second people’s hospital of Yunnan province, KunmingYunna 650021,China

　　Abstract:   Objective   To learn the HIVinfection status and related affecting factors of border Myanmardrug users, and to provide the evidence for the next stageintervention.   Methods   The community Myanmardrug users from Longchuan and Yingjiang were selected as therespondents, field survey were finished by bilingual outreachworkers with pre-test questionnaires. The contents includeddemography features, HIV knowledge, high risk behavior withlogistic analysis of HIV positive related factors.  Results   A total of 251respondents were investigated, Inwhich, the HIV positive rate was 31.08%. 96.81% was male, 48.20%was unmarried and 79.28% of respondents’ education degree lowerthan junior high school. 14.70% people shared injection solution orcontainer last month. 12.75% people shared needle, 59.76% peopledidn’t use condom last time and 31.87% didn’t use condom during buysex last time. Sharing needle last month, no condom sex last timeand no VCT are factors related to become a HIV positiveperson.  Conclusion   Although Myanmar respondentshave HIV/AIDS knowledge, sharing needle and sexual high riskbehavior are common, we should has comprehensiveness intervene aseducation, needle and condom distribution, methadone, HIVconsulting and testing etc to curb HIV spreading at the borderareas.

　　Key words:   Myanmar; IDUs; HIV; high risk behavior,affecting factors

　　《中国国境卫生检疫杂志》2013年8月刊