黑龙江萝北口岸鼠类的调查研究

    梁慧杰1，王凤山1，刘国平2

    1.萝北出入境检验检疫局卫生食品科，黑龙江 萝北154200；2.沈阳军区疾病预防控制中心

    摘要：目的 调查黑龙江省萝北口岸鼠类的种类组成和季节消长。方法采用夹日法在耕地、林缘草地和口岸储存仓库生境中捕鼠。结果 2009—2010年在黑龙江萝北口岸共捕鼠1073只，经分类鉴定隶属于3科8属9种。萝北口岸地区的优势种为褐家鼠（45.20%）。3种生境中，耕地的优势种为黑线姬鼠（29.67%）和大仓鼠（26.60%）；林缘草地的优势种为褐家鼠（32.80%）和大仓鼠（20.00%）；储存仓库的优势种为褐家鼠（66.97%）和小家鼠（32.68%）。4种常见鼠的活动季节分别为：黑线姬鼠12个月，小家鼠为9个月，褐家鼠和大仓鼠均为8个月；在整个活动季节期间，小家鼠在6月、褐家鼠在7月、大仓鼠在8月、黑线姬鼠在10月均仅出现1次高峰。结论在黑龙江省萝北口岸存在着感染和发生鼠传疾病的潜在威协。因此，在该口岸应加强鼠类监测，防鼠、灭鼠和个人防护不可忽视。

    关键词：鼠；种类组成；季节消长；口岸

    中图分类号：R184.35　文献标识码：B

    Investigation of rodents at Luobei port

    LIANG Hui-jie*, WANG Feng-shan, LIUGuo-ping

    *Luobei Entry-Exit Inspection and QuarantineBureau, Luobei, Heilongjiang 154200, China

    Abstract:   Objective  To investigate species composition and seasonal fluctuation ofrodents at Luobei port.   Methods   Rodentswere caught by the snap trap in the farmlands,in the woodsidemeadows and storage warehouse.   Results   Atotal of 1 073 rodents were caught in 3 kinds of habitats of Luobeiport, classified as 3 families 8 genera 9 species. The dominantspecies was Rattus norvegicus (45.20%) at Luobei port. The dominantcommunity of 3 kinds of habitats showed in farmland for Apodemusagrarius（29.67%） and Tscherskia triton（26.60%）, in the woodsidemeadows for Rattus norvegicus（32.80%）and Tscherskia triton（20.00%）,and in storage warehouse for Rattus norvegicus（66.97%）and Musmusculus(32.68%). The active seasons of 4 species rodents were in12 months for Apcdemus agrarius, in 9 months for Mus musculus; in 8months for Rattus norvegicus and Tscherskia triton. There was apeak in June in Mus musculus, in July for Rattus norvegicus,inAugust for Tscherskia triton, and in October for Apcdemusagrarius.   Conclusion   There is a potentialthreat of rodent-borne diseases at Luobei port. It is important tostrengthen mornitoring of rodents, and rodent control and personalprotection can not be ignored.

    Key words:   Rodent ; Speciescomposition ; Seasonal fluctuation ; Luobei port

    《中国国境卫生检疫杂志》2013年6月刊