盐田港船舶压载水致病微生物入侵风险分析

    李小洪，刘文正，杨燕秋，赵爽

    盐田出入境检验检疫局，广东 深圳 518081

    摘要：目的了解盐田港港区海水及船舶压载水致病微生物种类和数量，分析压载水致病微生物的入侵风险，为船舶压载水管理提供依据。方法采用实验室技术对港区海水及船舶压载水水样进行检测分析，采用一般性统计描述、χ2检验、秩和检验等对数据进行比较研究。结果近处水域海水水质较远处水域海水水质差；船舶压载水水质明显较港区海水水质差；不同来源地压载水水质相差不大。港区海水共检出8种致病性弧菌，其中优势弧菌为溶藻弧菌（39.13%）、创伤弧菌（17.39%）、鲨鱼弧菌（13.04%）。船舶压载水样本共检出12种致病弧菌，其中优势弧菌为溶藻弧菌（34.69%）、副溶血性弧菌（28.57%）。结论船舶压载水存在致病性微生物入侵性风险，必须采取预防性消毒处理后方可排放；港区海水日常监测主要采集浅层海水，增加对优势弧菌的监测内容。

    关键词：海港；压载水；致病微生物；入侵风险

    中图分类号：R185.3+2，R117　文献标识码：B

    Analysis on invasion risk of pathogenicmicroorganisms

    in ship's ballast water at Yantianseaport

    LI Xiao-hong， LIU Wen-zheng, YANG Yan-qiu,ZHAO Shuang

    Yantian Entry-exit Inspection and QuarantineBureau，Shenzhen，Guangdong 518081，China

    Abstract:   Objective  To understand species and quantity of pathogenic microorganisms inYantian port seawater and ship's ballast water, and to analyzeinvasive risks of pathogenic microbes parasitizing in ballastwater, and to provide identifiable basis for supervising ballastwater.   Methods    Through laboratorytechnology, water samples in port seawater and ballast water wasanalyzed.Through statistic method, such as general statisticaldescription, χ2 test, rank-sum test, etc, the data was compared andinvestigated.   Results   Water quality innearby water was worse compared to the distant water. Quality ofballast water was worse compared to the ports water, while thedifferences of ballast water loaded in different sources werelittle. Eight kinds of pathogenic vibrios were detected in portwater, in which, the dominant vibrios were Vibrio alginolyticus(39.13%), Vibrio vulnificus (17.39%), and Vibrio carchariae(13.04%). Twelve kinds of pathogenic vibrios were detected inballast water, in which, the dominant vibrios incluld Vibrioalginolyticus (34.69%), and Vibrio parahaemolyticus (28.57%). Conclusion   Deballast is not permitted beforeprophylactic disinfection for the invasive risks of pathogenicmicrobes parasitizing in ballast water. additions should be made indominant vibrios monitoring contents.

    Key words:   Seaport； BallastWater； Pathogenic Microorganisms； Invasion risk

    《中国国境卫生检疫杂志》2013年6月刊