吉木乃口岸土壤天然放射性核素调查

    张晖，储成海

    吉木乃出入境检验检疫局卫生检疫科，新疆 吉木乃 836801

    摘要：目的研究吉木乃口岸天然放射性和人工放射性核素含量的情况，为口岸卫生环境改善提供科学依据。方法2012年采用梅花采样法采集吉木乃口岸7处土壤样品，利用γ能谱分析方法得出放射性水平并采用Beck公式法估算出离地面1m高处的空气吸收剂量率，并计算外照射年有效剂量。结果吉木乃口岸土壤中天然放射性核素铀238、镭226、钍232、钾40和人工放射性核素铯137、铯134含量均值分别为：87.48Bq/kg、37.32 Bq/kg、44. 78Bq/kg、848.84 Bq/kg、1.65 Bq/kg、1.25Bq/kg；天然放射性核素含量均高于新疆和全国的平均水平，但年有效剂量率低于世界平均值。人工放射性核素铯137、铯134含量水平较低。结论吉木乃口岸土壤的放射性危害较小，对当地居民和进出境人员不会产生辐射伤害。

    关键词：口岸；土壤；天然放射性；放射性污染

    中图分类号：R145　文献标识码：B

    Investigation on contents of naturalradionuclide and

    artificial radionuclide in soil at Jimunaiport

    ZHANG Hui， CHU Cheng-hai

    Jimunai Entry-Exit Inspection and QuarantineBureau, Jimunai, Xinjiang 836801, China

    Abstract:   Objective  To study the contents of natural radio nuclides and artificialradio nuclides in soil at Jimunai port, and to provide a scientificbasis for improving environmental hygiene of port. Methods   Quincunx sampling method was used to gathersoil samples in 7 spots of Jimunai port in 2012, Gamma energyspectrum analysis method was used to get the level ofradioactivity. The Beck formula was used to estimate absorbed doserate in air 1m above the ground surface, and then annual effectivedose of external exposure was calculated.  Results  The content of 238 U, 226 Ra, 232 Th, 40 K, 137 Cs, and 134 Cs inthe soil at Jimunai port were 87.48 Bq/kg, 37.32 Bq/kg, 44.0 Bq/kg,848.84 Bq/kg, 1.65 Bq/kg and 1.25 Bq/kg, respectively. The contentvalues of natural radio nuclides exceed the average levels ofXinjiang and entire country, the content of 134 Cs and 137Cs wasvery low. But the annual effective dose of Jimunai was below thatof world.  Conclusion   These show that theradioactive contamination didn't occur at port, the local residentsand persons leaving or entering the country would not beharmed.

    Key words:   Port； Soil； Naturalradioactivity； Radioactive contamination

    《中国国境卫生检疫杂志》2013年6月刊