深圳口岸出入境人员疟疾相关知识态度和行为的研究

    刘君，刘春芳，刘春晓，徐云庆，顾大勇，史蕾，赵纯中，李东晓，辛本强

    深圳国际旅行卫生保健中心，广东 深圳 518033

    摘要：目的调查深圳口岸中国籍出入境人员疟疾相关知识、态度、行为情况，为出入境人员疟疾相关健康教育及防控措施的制定提供参考。方法于2011年4月至2012年3月在前往深圳国际旅行卫生保健中心体检及医学咨询的中国籍人员选取出入疟疾疫区者，对其疟疾相关知识、态度和行为情况进行问卷调查及分析。结果共收集有效调查问卷695份，其中男性594名，占85.47%，主要为商务人员（83.17%）。能正确了解自己的目的地为疟疾疫区、疟疾的主要症状及传播方式的比例分别为67.48%、40.58%及78.71%；境外发热及时就医率为58.42%；归国人员中，在疟疾疫区坚持防蚊者占67.79%。在疟疾知识的知晓率方面，女性（37.62%）低于男性（52.19%）；各年龄组中，18~30岁组最低（46.03%）；旅游探亲（41.30%）及劳务人员（21.05%）低于商务人员（52.42%）；初中及以下文化程度者（18.00%）低于其他组；前往不同目的地者知晓率为非洲最高（55.76%），亚洲其次（43.27%），美洲最低（24.29%）。自疟疾疫区归国人员中，在疫区居留6个月以上人员知晓率（59.77%）高于3个月以下者（41.45%）；有疟疾患者接触史者知晓率（58.73%）高于无接触史者（41.28%）。结论调查对象对疟疾及个人防护认知度不高，对疟疾发病的主要症状的识别水平较低，出现发热等疟疾症状时主动就医行为率不高。低收入、低学历群体、劳务人员及长期旅行者感染疟疾的风险较高。

    关键词：疟疾相关知识；知晓率；出入境人员；口岸

    中图分类号：R531.3 R193　文献标识码：B

    Study of KABP on malaria among internationaltravelers

    at Shenzhen ports

    LIU Jun, LIU Chun-fang, LIU Chun-xiao, XUYun-qing, GU Da-yong，SHI Lei,

    ZHAO Chun-zhong，LI Dong-xiao, XINBen-qiang

    Shenzhen International Travel HealthcareCenter, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, China

    Abstract:   Objective  To investigate the condition of knowledge, attitude and behaviorpractice among Chinese international travelers at Shenzhen ports,and to provide basis for health education and control. Methods   KABP questionaires were used among Chinesetravelers to malaria epidemic areas form April 2011 to March2012.  Results   A total of 695 efficientquestionnaires were collected, of whom 594 were male, 578 werebusinessman. The proportion of correctly understanding theirdestination of malaria epidemic area, the clinical symptom and themode of transmission were: 67.48% 40.58% and 78.71%, respectively.The ration of timely medical treatment was 58.42% when they had afever in oversea. Among returned travelers, whom of 67.79% took allprecautionary measures in the affected areas. The awareness ofmalaria related knowlegde, female (37.62%) was lower than male(52.19%), tourists and visiting relatives (41.30%) and labors(21.05%) were lower than business man (52.42%). The lowestawareness was the 18~30 years age group (46.03%). The awarenessamong the different populations of eduction levels above were:53.97%, 53.41%,42.19% and 18.00%, respectively. The awareness oftravelers to Africa (55.76%) was the highest, followed by Asia(43.27%) and America (24.29%). In returned travelers, the awarenesswas higher in long-term travelers (≥ 6 months) (59.77%) thanshort-term ones (41.45%)，and travelers with malaria cases contacthistory had higher awareness (58.73%).  Conclusion  The knowledge and recognize of clinical symptom about malaria werelimited among subjects. The practice of medical care search relatedto fever is not satisfactory. The low income, low educationallevel, labors and long-term travelers are the high risk group.

    Key words:   Malaria relatedknowledge; Awareness; International travelers; Port

    《中国国境卫生检疫杂志》2013年第1期