传染病大流行期间口岸入境传染病患者的权利保护

    何晶晶

    湖北出入境检验检疫局武汉机场办事处，湖北 武汉 430050

   摘要：在传染病大流行的早期，为了防止传染病的传入和控制传染病的传播，各国政府通常的做法之一，是在入境口岸采取卫生检疫措施，包括体温监测、医学检查、流行病学调查、隔离和治疗等。在这种情况下，旅客尤其是旅行者中的疑似传染病患者和确诊传染病患者的各项权利都受到一定程度的限制，从而造成了患者权利和公共卫生利益之间的矛盾。笔者论述了中国2009年甲型H1N1流感（简称甲流）大流行早期采取的卫生检疫措施，对入境旅行者,特别是入境旅行者中的疑似甲流患者和甲流患者的权利的影响，分析了在应急状态下，患者权利和公共卫生利益之间的矛盾，并结合中国相关法律现状，从保护患者权利的角度，给出了立法建议。

    关键词：患者；权利；流行；传染病；口岸；卫生检疫

    中图分类号：R181.8　文献标识码：B

    Protection of the rights of the internationaltravelers with infectious

    diseases at entry ports during a pandemic

    HE Jing-jing

    Hubei Entry-exit Inspection and QuarantineBureau, Wuhan, Hubei 430050, China

    Abstract:   In the early stages ofpandemic, in order to block the entry of infectious individualsfrom abroad and limit the spread of infection, one of the commonmeasures taken by many countries is implementing health quarantinemeasures at ports for entry travelers from affected countries,including temperature monitoring, medical examination,epidemiological investigation, isolation and treatments. In thesecases, the rights of the travelers, especially the suspected casesand confirmed cases, are restricted in a certain degree, causingthe contradiction of patients’ rights and public health interests.The author discussed how the health quarantine measures influencethe rights of the entry travelers, especially among the suspectedand confirmed cases of Influenza A (H1N1), in the early stages ofthe 2009 Influenza A (H1N1) pandemic in China, and analyzed thecontradictions of patients’ rights and public health interest underemergency condition. From the perspective of protecting patients'rights, the legislative proposals were given out combined withChina's relevant laws.

    Key words:   Patient; Rights;Pandemic; Infectious disease; Port; Health quarantine

    《中国国境卫生检疫杂志》2013年第1期