伤寒的现状分析及预防控制

    何莓，王惟信，华羚，张宏，许震生

    上海国际旅行卫生保健中心，上海 200355

   摘要：伤寒是由伤寒杆菌引起的严重急性传染病，主要发生在亚洲、非洲和拉丁美洲地区，严重威胁人类健康。伤寒杆菌经粪—口途径传播，人类是唯一的传染源，因此伤寒与环境和食品卫生状况密切相关。近年来多重耐药菌株的出现，使伤寒的抗生素治疗日益复杂，因此严格遵守饮食和饮水卫生及接种伤寒疫苗仍是预防控制该病的主要手段。本文就伤寒的疾病特征、流行分布、多重耐药情况、预防控制及疫苗应用等情况进行了综述。

    关键词：伤寒；发病率；多重耐药；预防控制；Vi多糖疫苗

    中图分类号：R516.3　文献标识码：B

    Analysis on current situation and strategiesof prevention and

    control for typhoid fever

    HE Mei, WANG Wei-xin, HUA Ling, ZHANG Hong,XU Zhen-sheng

    Shanghai International Travel HealthcareCenter, Shanghai 200355,China

    Abstract:   Typhoid fever is anacute, life-threatening infectious illness caused by salmonellatyphosa, which occurs mainly in Asia, Africa and Latin America.Transmission of typhoid fever occurs via the fecal-oral route.Humans are the only source. Personal hygiene and appropriatesanitation are thought to be closely related to typhoid infection.In recent years, the emergence of multidrug resistance in S. typhihas complicated the treatment，food and water precautions andvaccination against typhoid fever remain the essential preventivestrategies. The article reviews the feature of typhoid fever,epidemic distribution, multidrug resistance, prevention and controland vaccine application, etc.

    Key words:   Typhoid fever;Incidence rate; Multidrug resistance; Prevention and control; Vicapsular polysaccharide vaccine (ViCPS)

    《中国国境卫生检疫杂志》2012年第6期