国境口岸输入性恶性疟的现状与预防控制

    王飞1，杨秀娟1，邹明强2，刘翌1

    1.北京国际旅行卫生保健中心，北京 100013；2.中国检验检疫科学研究院

    摘要：目的 了解近年来我国境外输入性恶性疟疫情，探讨现阶段恶性疟预防与控制措施。方法查阅了2006年以来所有详细报道我国国境口岸输入性恶性疟的文献，对有关感染地区、诊疗状况等相关资料进行分析。结果输入性恶性疟最主要的感染地为非洲和东南亚地区，其中非洲地区的尼日利亚、安哥拉、几内亚、赤道几内亚，东南亚的缅甸是我国输入性恶性疟来源最多的国家。恶性疟易引起误诊，感染者常因未得到及时有效的抗疟治疗而死亡。疟疾病人的实验室诊断率有待提高，采用疟原虫抗原快速检测法和PCR法等疟疾诊断新技术作为镜检的补充，有助于提高疟疾诊断水平。赴非洲等恶性疟高发区的归国劳务人员，恶性疟发病率高、复燃比例高，采用以青蒿素类药物为主的联合疗法可提高疗效和阻止疾病传播。结论我国国境口岸输入性恶性疟防治重点是加强境外输入性疟疾监测与管理，提升恶性疟的诊疗水平，提高出国人员疟疾的自我防护能力。

    关键词：疟疾;恶性疟;输入;预防;控制

    中图分类号：R531.3　文献标识码：B

    Imported falciparum malaria situation and itsprevention and

    control at frontier ports

    WANG Fei*, YANG Xiu-juan, ZOU Ming-qiang, LIUYi

    *Beijing International Travel Health CareCenter, Beijing 100013, China

    Abstract:   Objective  To explore the focus of its prevention and control on Chineseimported falciparum malaria.   Methods   Allliteratures on imported falciparum malaria in the last six yearswere searched and analyzed.  Results   The importedpatients mostly returned from Africa and Southeast Asia. Thecountries of most infection of falciparum malaria were Nigeria,Angola, Guinea and Equatorial Guinea from Africa, and Burma fromSoutheast Asia. Falciparum malaria was easy to misdiagnosis, thepatients often died of delayed treatment. Microscopic examinationsas the laboratory confirmation of diagnosis need to be combinedwith those new technologies such as plasmodial antigen rapid testand PCR. Those who returned from the high plasmodium falciparumtransmission areas had a high falciparum malaria incidence and ahigh recurrence rate. Dihydroartemisinin based treatments couldimprove effect and prevent transmission of the disease.  Conclusion   Focus of prevention and control of theimported falciparum malaria should be paid on its surveillance andmanagement, its early diagnosis and prompt treatment, and capacitybuilding of self protection of the international travelers.

    Key words:   Malaria; Falciparummalaria; Imported; Prevention; Control

    《中国国境卫生检疫杂志》2012年8月刊