上海港外来船舶压舱水中浮游植物的调查及风险分析

   周淑辉1，吴俊1，孟庆松1，秦玉涛2，顾雪峰1，黄锳钢1，曹国佩1，陈家正1，陆春飞1

    1.上海崇明出入境检验检疫局，上海 202150；2.国家海洋局东海环境监测中心

    摘要：目的 了解上海港外来船舶压舱水中浮游植物的种类及入侵风险。方法对2007—2011年上海港的60艘外来船舶压舱水样本进行和分析。结果外来船舶压舱水中发现浮游植物共8门63属152种（包括62种赤潮生物）。其中，常见种主要有菱形海线藻（Thalassionemanitzschioides）、圆海链藻（Thalassiosira rotula）、长菱形藻（Nitzschialongissima）、中肋骨条藻（Skelrtonema costatum）、丹麦细柱藻（Leptocylindrusdanicus）、尖刺拟菱形藻（Pseudo-nitzschia pungens）。结论进入上海港的外来船舶压舱水中浮游植物物种丰富度较高,初步评估显示外来船舶压舱水的排放对上海港生态影响具有一定风险。

    关键词：浮游植物；压舱水；风险分析；调查；港口

    中图分类号：R128　文献标识码：B

    Investigation and risk analysis ofPhytoplankton in ballast water of entry ships on Shanghaiseaport

    ZHOU Shu-hui*，WU Jun，MENG Qing-song， QINYu-tao，GU Xue-feng，

    HUANG Ying-gang，CAO Guo-pei，CHEN Jia-zheng，LU Chun-fei

    *Shanghai Entry-Exit Inspection andQuarantine Bureau，Shanghai 202150，China

    Abstract:   Objective  To understand the species and invasion risk of the phytoplanktonfrom ballast water samples from entry ships. Methods   The phytoplankton from ballast water samplescollected from 60 entry ships on Shanghai seaport between 2007 and2011 were investigated and analyzed.  Results   A total of 152 taxa belonging 63 genera of 8phytoplankton phyla (including 60 red tide species) were found. Inwhich, the commen species were Thalassionemanitzschioides、Thalassiosira rotula、 Nitzschialongissima、Skelrtonema costatum、Leptocylindrusdanicus、Pseudo-nitzschia pungens.  Conclusion  Obvious is the wide range of phytoplankton species in ballast waterof entry vessels on Shanghai seaport. The preliminary results ofthe assessment is discharge of ballast water from entry ship canpose serious threats to the ecological enoironment of Shanghaiport.

    Key words:   Phytoplankton; Ballastwater; Risk analysis; Investigation; Port

    《中国国境卫生检疫杂志》