甲型H1N1流感防控中发热病人的流行病学研究

    鄢光碧，胡刘康，张璞

    珠海出入境检验检疫局，广东 珠海 519015

    摘要：目的研究珠海九洲港口岸出入境人员中发热病人的流行病学特征，规范口岸现场检疫查验工作，科学防控传染性疾病尤其是甲型H1N1流感。方法对检疫查验过程中发现的发热病人进行流行病学调查，收集相关信息并进行统计分析。结果2009年5—12月，珠海九洲港口岸检疫查验中共发现发热病人94例，其中入境81例，检出率为1.5/万；出境13例，检出率为0.2/万。发热病人均转地方医院排查诊治，其中9例确诊为甲型H1N1流感病例。7月份发热病人检出率最高（2.0/万），12月份发热病人检出率最低（0.1/万）。20~29岁年龄组、男性、学生及技术人员是此时段检疫查验的重点对象。发热病人体温在38.4℃以下占69.1%。体温监测是发现“发热病人”的重要手段，采集咽拭子检测流感病毒是甲型流感病毒分型最准确的方法。结论针对发热病人的流行病学特征，加强口岸重点人群的体温监测和医学巡查，加大对旅行者的宣传力度，能有效防止各种传染病经口岸传播，规范传染性疾病尤其是甲型H1N1流感防控措施。

    关键词：发热病人；出入境人员；流行病学；研究

    中图分类号：R181.3　文献标识码：B

    Epidemiology studies on ferver patientsduring prevention and

    control of influenza  A (H1N1)

    YAN Guang-bi， HU Liu-kang， ZHANG Pu

    Zhuhai Entry-exit Inspection and QuarantineBureau,Zhuhai,Guangdong 519015,China

    Abstract:   Objective  To study on the epidlemiological characteries of patients withfever among entry-exit personnel at zhuhai ports, standardport-site inspection and quarantine work, and to prevent andcontrol infectious diseases, particularly influenza A(H1N1).   Methods   The epidemiologicalinvestigation was conducted, and the data of patients with feverwas analyzed.  Results   From May to December of2009, 94 cases of fever travelers were found at Zhuhai Jiuzhouport, including 81 cases of entry people (the detection rate of1.5/ten thousands) and 13 cases of exit  people (the detectionrate of 0.2/ten thousands). All patients were sent to the localhospital for diagnosis and treatment, and 9 patients among themwere diagnosed as influenza A(H1N1). The hightest fever detectionrate was in July (2.0/ten thousands), compared to the lowest inDecember (0.1/ten thousand). The inspection and quarantine at thistime should be focusing on male, aged from 20 to 29, includingstudents and technicians. 69.1% of patients had temperature under38.4℃.In order to search travelers with fever, it was critical tomonitor body temperature of travelers. The most accurate method fordetecting influenza virus sub-type was to collect throat swab.Conclusion   According to the unique epidemiologicalfeatures of patients who have respiratory symptoms, actions likebody temperature monitoring of key population, medical quarantineand health education should be reinforced to prevent infectiousdiseases at the port. Only in this way, we will be able to controlinfectious diseases, especially A(H1N1) influenza.

    Key words:   Fever patients；Entry-exit travelers； Epidemiological； Study

    《中国国境卫生检疫杂志》