远洋船舶生活饮用水的现状调查与研究

    陈一珉，姚宝龙，陈建宁，王征，徐国平，李皓，谢鸣，王

    外高桥出入境检验检疫局船检科，上海 200137

    摘要：目的为了掌握上海港远洋船舶的饮用水卫生状况，保障船员饮水安全，保护船员身体健康，探索影响船舶饮用水水质的因素。方法在上海港采集远洋船舶装载的饮用水样本分别进行理化分析和微生物检测，研究不同供水方式、不同船龄的船舶饮用水的各项微生物指标和金属指标，通过分析并进行讨论。结果共采集了159艘远洋船舶的水样样本，其微生物指标的合格率为85.53%,金属指标的合格率为76.73%。说明上海港远洋船舶饮用水的水质存在一些卫生学问题。通过统计学分析，尚不能确定船舶自制的饮用水与码头供应的饮用水在微生物阳性率和金属指标数值的总体概率有所不同（P＞0.1），但不同船龄（0~10年,11~20年,21年以上）的船舶饮用水的微生物阳性率和金属指标数值的组间比较，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）。结论船龄越小，饮用水的卫生状况就越好。船龄指标提示了作为今后船舶饮用水监督的快速判定标准之一，对于保障船员饮水安全、保护船员身体健康具有十分重要的意义。

    关键词：饮用水；远洋船舶；微生物指标；金属指标

    中图分类号：R123.1　文献标识码：B

    Investigation and study on status of drinkingwater of ocean ships

    CHEN Yi-min, YAO Bao-long, CHEN Jian-ning,WANG Zheng, XU Guo-ping, LI Hao, XIE Ming, WANG Jing

    Waigaoqiao Entry-exit Inspection andQuarantine Bureau, Shanghai 200137,China

    Abstract:   Objective  To unelerstand the health status of drinking water on the oceanships at Shanghai harbour, to protect the crews from unsafedrinking water, to explore what affects the quality of drinkingwater on the ocean ships.  Methods   The samples ofdrinking water on the ocean ships at Shanghai harbor were collectedfor the physical/chemical analysis and microbiological testing, andeach microbiological indicators and metal indicators of differentways of water supplying and different ships’ age were studied andanalyzed.  Results   The qualified rate ofmicrobiological indicators was 85.53%, while the qualified rate ofmetal indicators was 76.73% in the total 159 drinking watersamples, maybe there were some health problems in the quality ofthe drinking water on ocean ships at Shanghai harbor. According tothe statistics analysis, no evidence can be found that theunqualified rate of microbiological and metal criteria wasdifferent between self-made drinking water on board and supplied bythe port, but different ships’ age had different unqualified rateof microbiological and metal criteria in the drinking water.Conclusion   Younger ships,better status of drinkingwater, the age of the ship might be one of the quick criteria ofsurvey on ships’ drinking water, it is helpful for us to protectthe crews from unsafe drinking water and make them health.

    Key words:   Drinking water; Oceanship; Microbiological indicators; Metal indicafors

    《中国国境卫生检疫杂志》