凭祥口岸鼠形动物调查报告

    杨会敏1，潘光合2，于建国3，梁亮1，万道正1，梁中平1

    1.凭祥出入境检验检疫局国家级鼠类检测重点实验室，广西 凭祥 532600；

    2.广西国际旅行卫生保健中心；3.广西出入境检验检疫局卫检处

    摘要：目的了解凭祥口岸鼠形动物的种群构成、季节消长和体表寄生虫（蚤、蜱、螨）携带情况，为进一步做好口岸传染病监测和口岸灭鼠工作提供科学依据。方法采用捕鼠笼法，每月中旬连续3 d，连续12个月。结果本次调查共捕获鼠形动物756只，经分类鉴定隶属2目4科7属14种，蚤508只，蜱764只，螨44只；鼠类以褐家鼠为优势种，占鼠形动物总数的63.49%，该口岸鼠密度为7.13%，密度变化呈双峰，春、秋各有1个高峰，3月份为11.65%，10月份为9.48%。成幼比为7.69：1，雌雄比为1.28：1，妊娠率为12.65%；鼠体染蚤率为19.71%，总染蚤指数为0.67；鼠体染螨率为18.25%，总染螨指数为1.01；鼠体染蜱率为2.11%，总染蜱指数为0.06。结论凭祥口岸鼠密度较高，离无鼠害口岸的标准（<1%）差距较大，应大力开展防鼠灭鼠工作，防止有关传染病的发生和流行。

    关键词：鼠形动物；种群；季节消长；寄生虫

    中图分类号：R184.35　文献标识码：B

    Investigation on rodents and their epizoas atPingxiang port

    YANG Hui-min*, PAN Guang-he, YU Jiang-guo,LIANG Liang, WAN Dao-zheng, LIANG Zhong-ping

    *The state key laboratory for rodentdetection, Pingxiang Entry-exit Inspection and QuarantineBureau

    Pingxiang, Guangxi 532600， China

    Abstract:   Objective  To understand the situation of the population composition,seasonalgrowth and decline, epizoa (including flea,tick and mite) atPingxiang port, and to provide scientific basis for epidemicmonitoring and prevention.   Methods   Cageswere used,which was taken for three days once a month,lasting fortwelve months.   Results   A total of 756 ratswere collected and were divided into 2 orders,4 families, 7 genusand 14 species. And 508 fleas,764 ticks and 44 mites were found onrats. The Rattus norvegicus was the dominate species, accountingfor 63.49%. The annual average mice density was 7.13%, the densityfluctuations had double peaks including spring and autumn. Marchwas the highest (11.65%), another was October(9.48%). Adult-youngratio was 7.69:1, Sex ratio was 1.28:1, Pregnancy rate was 12.65%.Flea infected rate from rodents was19.71%, index of fleas was 0.67.Tick infected rate from rodents was18.25%, index of ticks was 0.06.Mite infected rate from rodents was 2.11%, index of mites was0.06.  Conclusion   The rat density at Pingxiangports is relatively high and it has a long distance to reach to thegoal of free rat harms at port (<1%). For the future, it is veryimportant to prevent and deratize rat, meanwhile, the monitoring ofrats density should be strengthened, so as to control the densityof rats, preventing the popularity and occuring of infection.

    Key words:   Rodent; Species group；Seasonal growth and decline; Epizoa

    《中国国境卫生检疫杂志》