额温的生理基础及其外界影响因素研究

    郝小鹏1，原遵东1，乐恺2，冯晴2

    1.中国计量科学研究院热工计量科学与材料特性测量技术研究所，北京 100013；

    2.北京科技大学机械工程学院

    摘要：目的 从外界因素和人体生理基础两个方面，分析了人体额温的变化规律。方法基于头部的生理结构，将人体头部分为5层建立了头部生物传热模型。通过数值计算，获得了稳态情况下头部的径向温度分布。结果通过理论分析发现，环境温度和对流换热系数两个外界因素对头部表面温度的影响较大，即环境温度变化2℃，造成额头温度变化约0.5℃；而对流换热系数每变化2W/（m2•K），额头温度变化约0.5℃。而血液灌注率对脑组织深部的温度分布有影响，对额头表面温度影响不大，而额头表面温度随着新陈代谢和头皮层导热系数的增大而升高。结论通过实验验证了外部因素对头表面温度的影响，实验结果与理论计算的变化具有较好一致性。本研究为体温筛查提供非常重要的理论依据。

    关键词：公共安全；疾病防控；甲型流感；生物传热；额温

    中图分类号：R331　文献标识码：B

    Study on forehead temperature ofphysiological basis

    and its influencing external factors

    HAO Xiao-peng*， YUAN Zun-dong， YUE Kai， FENGQing

    *Division of Thermometry and MaterialsEvaluation， National Institute of Metrology， Beijing100013，China

    Abstract:   Objective  To  analyze variation of the forehead temperature byphysiological basis and external factors.  Methods  Thebioheat transfer model was set up based on five layers structure ofhead. Results  The ambient temperature and heat convectivitywas key factors for forehead temperature, for example: the ambienttemperature increasing 2℃, the forehead temperature increases 0.5℃;the heat convectivity increasing 2W/(m2•K), the foreheadtemperature decreases 0.5℃. It is also observed that the bloodperfusion rate just can influence deep level of head, while theforehead temperature increases with the metablolic heat generationrate and heat transfer coefficient increasing. It is supported thatexternal factors influence the forehead temperature by experimentdata.  Conclusion  We verify the theory by the experimentof external factors  impact on forehead temperature. Thisstudy will provide theoretical basis for disease control andprevention.

    Key words:   Public security;Disease control and prevention; Bioheat transfer, Foreheadtemperature

    《中国国境卫生检疫杂志》