国际航行船舶压舱水卫生检疫监管立法探讨

    李西标1，刘明杰1，张军伟1，李磊2，王颖3，于健1

    1.烟台出入境检验检疫局机关服务中心，山东 烟台264000；2.烟台国际旅行保健中心；

    3.烟台出入境检验检疫局技术中心

    摘要：目的 推进我国国境卫生检疫法律体系的建设，提高国境卫生检疫立法水平。方法通过研究船舶压舱水管理的国际法规、国外的相关法律法规要求、我国船舶压舱水管理现状及相关的法律法规要求。提出船舶压舱水卫生检疫监管的法规要求对策与建议。结果目前，中国针对国际航行船舶压舱水携带外来生物和病原体的问题没有专门的立法，现行的国境卫生检疫法律法规对压舱水管理方面的规定比较片面。结论为确保口岸卫生安全，应切实加快船舶压舱水卫生检疫监管立法建设。

    关键词：国际航行船舶；压舱水；卫生检疫；监管；立法

    中图分类号：R155.5　文献标识码：B

    Research on the quarantine legislation ofsupervision and

    management of international ships ballastwater

    LI Xi-biao*， LIU Ming-jie， ZHANG Jun-wei， LILei， WANG Ying， YU Jian

    *Yantai Entry-Exit Inspection and QuaratineBureau，Yantai,Shandong 264000，China

    Abstract:   Objective  To enhance Chinese frontier health and quarantine legal systemconstruction and improve the level of frontier health andquarantine legislation.  Methods  The international laws，relevant foreign and domestic legal requirements and the currentsituation of ballast water management in China were analyzed. Results  Currently, there was no specific legislation aboutinternational ships ballast water carrying alien organisms andpathogens, the existing frontier health and quarantine laws andregulations on ballast water management was still relativelyone-sided.   Conclusion   In order to guaranteethe health and safety of frontier ports in China， the quarantinelegislation of supervision and management of international shipsballast water should be enhanced conscientiously.

    Key words:   International ship;Ballast water； Quarantine； Supervise； Legislation

    《中国国境卫生检疫杂志》