2009年中俄边境黑龙江四口岸啮齿动物及其感染病原调查研究

    张晓龙 赵婷婷 魏 莲 胡孔新 孙肖红 李 明 郭晓明 杨 军 李永久 王静    （1.中国检验检疫科学研究院，北京 100123；2.黑龙江出入境检验检疫局，哈尔滨150001）

    摘要 〔目的〕调查黑龙江中俄边境口岸地区啮齿动物及其体表寄生虫的种类、构成和携带病原体的情况。〔方法〕2009年6-7月在黑龙江省黑河、逊克、抚远和饶河口岸地区，以夹夜法捕鼠，梳刷法采集鼠体表寄生虫，取鼠血、肺、肝和肾脏组织。鼠肺提取RNA，用RT-PCR方法扩增汉坦病毒核酸；从鼠肝和肾脏中提取DNA，用PCR方法分别扩增鼠疫耶尔森菌、土拉弗兰西斯菌、斑疹伤寒立克次体和钩端螺旋体核酸；利用间接血凝法、ELISA、免疫层析方法从鼠血中检测5种病原的特异性抗体。〔结果〕在黑龙江边境4个口岸地区共捕获啮齿动物10种，163只；捡蚤63匹、螨44只，染蚤率为7.36%，蚤指数为0.39；获得肝、肺和肾脏组织及血液有效样本161份，检出汉坦病毒血清学阳性3份，PCR扩增阳性结果1份；钩端螺旋体血清学阳性2份。鼠疫菌、斑疹伤寒立克次体和土拉菌的血清学和分子生物学检测结果均为阴性。〔结论〕中俄边境地区鼠类可能感染汉坦病毒和钩端螺旋体，有针对性地加强当地鼠类和鼠传疾病的监测。

    关键词 啮齿动物；蚤；染蚤指数；鼠传疾病；汉坦病毒；钩端螺旋体

    〔中图分类号〕　R184.35　〔文献标识码〕　B

    The Ectoparasite and Possible Pathogens ofRodent Infections at Four Ports in Heilongjiang Province along theSino-Russia Boundary   Zhang Xiaolong1, Zhao Tingting1,Wei Lian1, Hu Kongxin1,  Sun Xiaohong1, Li Ming1, GuoXiaoming2, Yang Jun2, Li Yongjiu2,  Wang Jing1. (1.ChineseAcademy of Inspection and Quaranine, Beijing100123,China;2.Heilongjiang Entry-exit Inspection and QuarantineBureau, Harrbin 150001,China.)

    [Abstract]   Objective  To investigate the rodent species, the ectoparasite and possiblepathogens ofrodent infections in Heilongjiang Province along theSino-Russia boundary.  Method   Mice were taught bynight trapping and the parasitic fleas were collected by combsat  the ports of Heihe, Xunke, Fuyuan and Raohe. The rat lung,blood, liver and kidney specimens were obtained by dissection inlaboratory. Total RNA was extracted from rat lung. Hantaan virusnucleotide acid was amplified by RT-PCR， Genes DNA was extractedfrom rat liver, and kidney.Yersinia pestis，Francisella tularensis,Rickettsiasutsugamushi and Leptospira interrogans nucleotide acidwere amplified by PCR, respectively. The indirect hemagglutinationassay, ELISA and the immunochromatography method were used todetect specific antibodies of the five pathogens. Result   A total of 163 rodent animals of 10 speciescategories were caught at  4 ports of Heilongjiang frontier(Heihe, Xunke, Fuyuan, Raohe) , Of which, 63 fleas and 44 gamasidmites was collected, the catching flea rate was 7.36% and index was0.39. A total of 161 samples of the liver, lung Kidney tissue andblood were obtained. While, 3 samples were found positive ofHantaan virus infection, one sample was found positive results ofPCR amplification, and 2 were positive for Leptospira interroganssamples.No positive samples  were detected  YersiniaPestis, Rickettsiaexanthematotyphi and Francisella tularensis byusing serological and molecular biological methods. Conclusion   Hantaan virus and Leptospira interrogansmight be carried by rats in the  Sino-Russia boundary inHeilongjiang frontier regions. It is necessary to strengthenrodent-borne   diseases surveillance   in thisregion.

    [Key words]  Rodent；Flea；Infestation index；Rodent-borne diseases; Hantaan virus;Leptospira