北京朝阳口岸医学媒介生物本底调查及探讨

    王紫梁 马卫东 李 宁 黄健华 张继军 王康琳 赵汗青 王冬晖

    （北京出入境检验检疫局，北京 100023）

    摘要 〔目的〕了解北京朝阳口岸医学媒介生物种类、数量、分布和季节消长等本底情况，为首都口岸媒介生物防治、传染病和外来物种监测提供科学依据。〔方法〕2009年1-12月对朝阳口岸的鼠、蝇、蚊、蜚蠊等媒介生物进行了全年监测。〔结果〕捕获鼠类25只，经鉴定为1科2属2种，褐家鼠为优势种群；捕获蝇类733只，经鉴定为4科13属17种，其中厩腐蝇为优势种群，年均蝇密度为12.22只/笼•d；捕获蚊类289只，经鉴定为1科2属3种，淡色库蚊为优势种群，年均蚊密度为4.82只/笼•d。捕获蜚蠊45只，经鉴定为1科1属1种。〔结论〕朝阳口岸医学媒介生物总体情况正常，奥运会后无外来新媒介生物物种出现。北京出入境检验检疫局在媒介生物监测工作方面的模式创新行之有效。针对口岸内蝇、蚊密度超过国家标准的情况，应有针对性地改造周边环境，开展杀灭工作，有效地防范传染病的传入传出。

    关键词 媒介生物；种群构成；密度；季节消长；调查

    〔中图分类号〕　R184.3　〔文献标识码〕　B

    Investigation and Discussion on the MedicalVectors at Beijing Chaoyang Port     WangZiliang, Ma Weidong, Li Ning, Huang Jianhua, Zhang Jijun, WangKanglin, Zhao Hanqing, Wang Donghui.  Beijing Entry-ExitInspection and Quarantine Bureau, Beijing 100026，China.

    [Abstract]   Objective  To understand the background situation of the medical vectors suchas species, quantity, distribution and seasonal fluctuation atBeijing Chaoyang Port, and to provide the evidence for theeffective measures of prevention and control.  Method   The methods were provided by the nationalstandard, the medical vectors were collected such asmice、flies、mosquitoes and cockroaches during the whole year of2009.  Result   A total of 25 mice were entrappedand identified as 1 family, 2 genus and 2 species. Rattusnorvegicus was dominant species. A total of 733 flies had beencaptured, and identified as 4 family, 13 genus and 17 species.Muscina stabulans was dominant Species. Annual mean density was12.22 flies per cage and day. A total of 289 mosquitoes had beencaptured, and identified as 1 family, 2 genus and 3 species. Culexpipiens pallens was dominant Species. Annual mean density was 4.82mosquito per cage and day. A total of 45 cockroaches had beencaptured, and identified as 1 family, 1 genus and 1 species. Conclusion   The result of medical vectors at ChaoyangPort indicates that there was no new spices of medical vectorsinvasion after the Beijing Olympic Games. The innovation in themode of surveillance of medical vectors runs effectively.  Inorder to solve the problem that the average density of medicalvectors exceeded the national standard, the quality of environmentshould be improved, the vectors should be eliminated to preventepidemic and disease effectively.

    [Key words]    Medical vector;Species composition; Density; Seasonal fluctuation;Investigation