珠海口岸出入境邮件和快件中核与辐射调查研究

    马洪波 吴博慈 孙 虹 梅北林 刘景新 余 榕 王遇春

    （珠海出入境检验检疫局，珠海 519015）

    摘要 〔目的〕了解珠海口岸出入境邮件和快件的核与辐射水平，防止核与辐射通过邮件和快件在我国国境口岸传入和传出。〔方法〕采用便携式辐射检测仪和邮件核与辐射检测系统对出入境邮件和快件进行γ射线和中子射线检测。〔结果〕从出境的货车中，检测到18件（箱）重236kg陶瓷珠子γ射线剂量当量率为2.65μSv/h，为本底值的9.8倍，放射性核素含量238U为598±33 Bq/kg，232Th为625±5Bq/kg。从入境的货车中，检测10包矿石色粉γ射线剂量当量率为16.5μSv/h，为本底值的61倍，放射性核素含量238U为4.30×103 Bq/kg，226Ra为2.43×104Bq/kg，232Th为1.37×105 Bq/kg，超过我国现行的标准值。〔结论〕需加强对邮件和快件的放射性监管，防止放射性超标的货物通过快递方式进出国境。

    关键词 邮件；快件；出入境；核与辐射；放射性核素；监测

    〔中图分类号〕　R144　〔文献标识码〕　B

    Investigation on Nuclear Rediation inEntry-exit Mail and Express Mail at Zhuhai Port   MaHongbo, Wu Boci,Sun Hong, Mei Beilin, Liu Jingxin, Yu Rong， WangYuchun. Zhuhai Entry-exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Zhuhai519015,China.

    [Abstract]  Objective    To understand the content of nuclearradiation in entry-exit mail and express mail at Zhuhai Port. Method γ-rays and neutron rays in entry-exit mail and express mailwere detected used by identifinder-N Radiation and TSA′s ConveyorMonitors.   Result   Gamma radiation doseequivalent rate in 18 boxes of Ceramic beads was 2.65μSv/h, and theContent of Radioactive nuclide was in the range of 238U,598±33Bq•kg-1, 232Th, 625±5 Bq•kg-1, respectively. Gamma radiationdose equivalent rate in 1 box of Mineral powder was 16.5 μSv/h, andthe Content of Radioactive Nuclide was in the range of 238U,4.30×103Bq•kg-1, 226Ra, 2.43×1043Bq•kg-1, 232Th,625±5 Bq•kg-1,respectively.   Conclusion    It is verynecessary to stress radioactivity surveillance in the expressmail.

    [Key words]   Mail; Expressmail；Entry-exit nuclear radiation；Radioactivenuclide；Surveillance