船舶压载舱结构及压载管系运行情况调查报告

    聂维忠 杨晨光 刘恩东 李德昕 汪仁杰 李俊成 赵 彬 张 乐 胡孔新

    （1.秦皇岛出入境检验检疫局，秦皇岛 066002；2.中国检验检疫科学研究院，北京100123）

    摘要 〔目的〕掌握船舶压载舱结构及其管系运行基本情况，为科学开展压舱水监测和消毒处理提供技术支持。〔方法〕登轮实地察看各类船舶压载舱结构及其管系运行情况，结合走访有关专业技术人员，收集相关资料，进行分析总结。〔结果〕共调查20艘次船舶。船舶的压载舱总体分为顶边舱、底舱和边舱3种类型。左右两侧舱内的压舱水可通过压载管系相互循环调换。〔结论〕为科学开展压舱水检测和卫生处理,应根据船舶压载舱结构和不同部位选用适当方法采集压舱水样本,应首选压载舱的空气管和人孔为实施消毒处理的投药口。

    关键词 船舶；压载系统；压载舱；压载管系；结构；调查

    〔中图分类号〕　R128　〔文献标识码〕　B

    Investigation on the Constructions of Ships’Ballast Tanks and Ballast Piping Operating Procedures  NieWeizhong1, Yang Chenguang1, Liu ’Endong1, Li Dexin1, Wang Renjie1,Li Juncheng1，Zhao Bin1, Zhang Le2, Hu Kongxin2. (1.QinhuangdaoEntry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Qinhuangdao 066002,China; 2.Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing100123, China.)

    [Abstract]   Objective  To determine the constructions of the ships' ballast tanks and theoperating procedures of ballast piping, and to take technicalsupports for monitoring ballast water and disinfectingtreatment.  Method   The constructions of ships'ballast tanks and the ballast piping operating procedures werechecked and the related materials were collected and analyzed,combined with reviewing the relevant professional technicalpersonnel.  Result   20 ships were surveyed and theconstructions of ballast tanks were separated 3 types generally,including topside ballast tank, bottom ballast tank and sideballast tank. The ballast water could be circulated from one sidetanks to another through the ballast piping. Conclusion   To ensure the ballast water monitoring anddisinfecting treatment scientifically, the ballast water samplesshould be collected with appropriated methods, in accordance withthe constructions of ship's ballast tanks and different placesselected. The air pipes and the manholes of ballast tanks are thepreferred channels to disinfecting treatments with chemicaldisinfectants.

    [Key words]   Ship; Ballast system;Ballast tank; Ballast piping; Construction;Investigation