输入性HIV/AIDS危险因素分析及风险管理措施初探

    陆晔,张晓航,贾哲甫,王健,方筠

　　上海国际旅行卫生保健中心, 上海  200335

　　摘要:目的   分析输入性艾滋病病毒感染病例(HIV/AIDS)对我国艾滋病防控的风险, 探讨有效的风险管理措施。方法  回顾上海口岸2003-2012年出入境人群HIV/AIDS监测结果, 与全国艾滋病疫情情况比较,分析口岸HIV/AIDS的流行病学特征。结果  2003-2012年上海口岸共对598?104名出入境人群进行HIV感染监测, 共检出HIV /AIDS 感染184例,总检出率为30.76/10万, 男女比例为7:1。其中, 入境人群HIV感染总检出率为42.19/10万, 年度检出率呈逐年上升趋势,出境人群检出率为12.57/10万。20～50岁感染者占90.76%; 性接触传播占77.18%, 其中异性传播占43.48%,男男性传播占33.70%。入境留学生HIV感染率(54.65/10万)与入境就业人群感染率(45.01/10万)相当。结论  入境人群HIV/AIDS检出率较高, 输入性HIV/AIDS感染存在人数增加、人员流动性大、高危行为机率高,易导致疾病向普通人群扩散等风险。应通过口岸把关、源头监管、协作保障等风险管理措施予以应对。

　　关键词:HIV/AIDS; 风险管理; 出入境人群; 流行特征

　　中图分类号:R183.9   文献标识码:B

　　Analysis on risk assessment and management strategies of importedinfection cases with HIV/AIDS

　　LU Ye, ZHANG Xiao-hang, JIA Zhe-fu, WANG Jian, FANG Yun

　　Shanghai International Travel Healthcare Center, Shanghai 200335,China

　　Abstract:   Objective   To understand theepidemiological characteristics of imported HIV/AIDS, and toexplore effective health management measures.   Methods  the retrospective review of HIV/AIDS infections was conducted amonginternational travelers in 2003 to 2012 at Shanghai port, andcompared it with the HIV/AIDS epidemic situation throughout China. Epidemiological characteristics of imported HIV/AIDSinfection cases were analyzed.   Results   A total of 184cases of HIV / AIDS infection were detected among 598?104entry-exit persons at Shanghai port from 2003 to 2010, the ratio ofmale to female was 7:1, and the total detection rate forHIV-positive was 30.76/100,000. On the other hand, total detectionrate of HIV-positive was 42.19/100,000 among entry travelers withan increasing trend in international expatriates, which were referto personnel employment, education or residence (residence in Chinamore than half a year),  HIV-positive detection rate was12.57/100,000 among exit travelers.  Generally, HIV infectedpeople among entry-exit people, at Shanghai were mainly at the age20~50 years old. The major transmission route (77.18%) was sexualcontact, the transmission rate in heterosexual partners was 43.48%, homosexual transmission rate was 33.70%. HIV-positive detectionrate of international student (54.65/100,000) was as much as therate of international employee (45.01/100,000).   Conclusion  The higher HIV positive rate was found in inbound personnel.The imported HIV infection with a trend of more case-quantity,higher staff mobility, higher probability with high-risk behaviorcontribute to more risk of spreading. Port checking, supervision,and risk management should be adopted.

　　Key words: HIV/AIDS; Risk management; Entry-exit personnel;Prevalence characteristics《中国国境卫生检疫杂志》2014年2期