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海员心理健康状况和应付方式的影响因素及其相关性调查

2014-05-15 14:04:12 中国质量新闻网
    卓锦雪,陆勤,高锦平,张利纯,李雪明

  广东国际旅行卫生保健中心, 广东  广州510365

  摘要:目的   了解海员心理健康水平和应付方式的影响因素, 以及心理健康与应付方式相关性。方法  采用症状自评量表和应付方式问卷方式, 了解海员心理健康水平及应付方式。结果   海员人群在出海前阶段,心理健康水平与对照组无显著差异。高中学历海员心理健康水平较低,初中学历海员心理健康水平高于高中、中专、大专、本科学历组(P?<?0.01),不同年龄组间无统计学意义(P?>?0.05)。随着出海年限的增加,海员心理健康水平逐渐下降。离婚海员心理健康水平低于已婚和未婚组,独生子与非独生子组心理健康水平无差异(P?>?0.05)。海员各种心理症状与自责、幻想、恐怖、合理化呈显著正相关,与解决问题和求助两项应付方式呈负相关。结论   海员情绪与行为密切相关,对年龄偏大、长期密集出海、家庭出现矛盾的海员应给予特别关注。

  关键词:海员; 心理健康; 应付方式; 相关性; 影响因素; 调查

  中图分类号:R395   文献标识码:B

  A Survey on the influencing factors and correlation between theseafarers' mental health statues and coping style

  ZHUO Jin-xue, LU Qin, GAO Jin-pin, ZHANG Li-chun, LIXue-ming

  Guangdong International Travel Healthcare Center, Guangzhou,Guangdong 510635, China

  Abstract:   Objective   To understand the influencingfactors of seafarers’ mental health level and coping style, and tofind the correlation between mental health and coping style.  Methods   Symptom checklist 90(SCL-90) and Coping StyleQuestionnaire (CSC) were distributed to the seafarers in order tounderstand the mental health status and characteristics. Results  It's no significant difference of the mental health levelbetween the seafarer group and the control group. Among the fivegroups which were separated by the educational background(graduated from junior high school, senior high school, technicalsecondary school, junior college and undergraduate school), thesenior high school group presents the lowest mental health level,whereas the junior’s group presents the highest mental health level(P<0.01). It’s no significant difference among the different agegroups. The level of seafarers’ mental health gradually declinedwith the increasing years practicing on sea. Mental health level ofthe divorced group was lower comparing with the groups of marriedand the unmarried. There’s no significant difference of mentalhealth level between the only-child group and the non-only-childgroup (P>0.5). There was significant positive correlationbetween the score of various mental symptom factor andself-accusation, fantasy, avoidance, rationalization, and negativecorrelation between the score of various mental symptom factor andsolving problem and asking for help.   Conclusion  Seafarers’ emotion and behavior are closely related, we should payattention to the seafarers who are older, multiple and long-term onsea, as well as those with family problems.

  Key words:   Seafarers; Mental health; Coping style;Correlation; Influencing factors; Survey《中国国境卫生检疫杂志》2014年2期
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